• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:

    公开号:NL2012682A
    申请号:NL2012682
    申请日:2014-04-24
    公开日:2014-10-29
    发明作者:Konrad Mallinger；Friedrich Baldinger
    申请人:Alois P Ttinger Maschinenfabrik Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Carving for a harvesting machine.
    The present invention relates to a cutting unit for a harvesting machine such as a pick-up wagon or a baler, with at least one cutting knife designed as a turning knife, which can be brought into two cutting positions by turning and is provided with two cuts, a first cut of which a first cutting position protrudes into a harvesting channel and a second cut protrudes into a second cutting position in the harvesting channel.
    Agricultural balers or pick-up wagons have regular cutting work assigned to the pick-up device for cutting harvested goods transported by the pick-up device from the ground either into the bale forming chamber or the loading space. Usually, the pick-up devices of such agricultural harvesting machines have a pick-up rotor in the form of, for example, a pick-up roller, to pick up the crop from the soil, and a transport rotor following the pick-up rotor, which further transports the pick-up taken from the pick-up roller through a transport or harvested goods channel. transport to the bale forming chamber or the loading space. The cutting work here regularly comprises a plurality of knives which protrude into the harvested goods channel through which the transport rotor transports the harvested goods, so that the harvested goods are cut into the said transport channel.
    To prevent the crop from being pulled apart or to be damaged during cutting, and also not to cause the cutting pressure to rise too high, the knives must be regularly sharpened in order to have a sufficiently sharp cut. Also, obstacle present in the harvest material such as stones, metal parts and the like damaged knives must be exchanged in order to achieve a clean crop material cut. To this end, it is already proposed to use cutting knives which have several cuts, so that the knives can be used successively with the different cuts in different mounting positions, so as not to have long breaks for knife sharpening or to have to drive all the way back to the yard, in order to exchange a knife.
    Such knives with several cuts, which can be used one after the other in the cutting position, are known, for example, as so-called turret blades, wherein a rotatably suspended cutting body is provided with several cuts along its circumference. By switching through, for example, by a quarter turn, a used cut can be moved out of the harvesting channel and a cut that has not yet been used or is still sharp can be turned into the harvesting channel, see for example DE 10 2006 034 799 A1. Such turret knives, however, are relatively bulky and require relatively much storage space outside the harvesting channel. The knives herein have the property that when a cut is broken off, for example by striking with a stone, part of the next cut also breaks off at the same time. In addition, it is also difficult, for example constructively cumbersome, for such a turret knife to provide an elastically yielding suspension which allows the knife to deflect into an deflection position when hit with an obstacle.
    In contrast to such turret knives, also knives are known which also have several cuts, but which cannot be brought into a second cutting position by rotating about an axis extending transversely to the knife blade, but by turning about an axis lying in the knife blade or parallel thereto. . Such a turning knife is shown, for example, in publication DE 10 2011 0136401, which discloses to design the knife in the manner of a double-edged sword and to project its longitudinal axis approximately radially or at an acute angle therewith into the transport channel, so that a crop material transported through the direction of transport through the harvested goods channel. If the knife is turned, the rear cut that has turned away then becomes active.
    Such turning knives can indeed be of relatively space-saving and compact design. However, they also have the disadvantage that when the active cut is broken, a part of the second, non-active cut usually also breaks off, so that the entire knife is actually destroyed. This sometimes leads to handling problems when turning and reinserting, since the knife part to be clamped or to be suspended can become dirty in the previous cutting position.
    The object of the present invention is to provide an improved cutting work of the above-mentioned type, which avoids the disadvantages of the prior art and advantageously extends it. In particular, an improved turning knife will be provided, the second cut of which will remain undamaged even when the first cut breaks and guarantees simple turning operations or removal and without simple problems of contamination and enables a simple elastic yielding suspension for deflection in a fall-back position .
    According to the invention, said object is achieved with a cutting device according to claim 1. Preferred embodiments according to the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.
    It is therefore proposed to build in the cutter blade in such a way that in the cutting position, substantially only one cut protrudes into the crop channel and the other cut, so to speak, forms the spare cut, lies substantially outside the crop channel. According to the invention, the cutting knife is arranged approximately tangentially on the crop channel with a center line between the two cuts and / or is arranged outside the crop channel with at least a larger part of the said center line. Such a design and arrangement of the cutting blade clearly protects the relevant reserve cut better. Even if the active first projection protruding into the harvested goods channel breaks off during an encounter with an obstacle, this does not necessarily lead to also a breaking of the second cut or the likelihood thereof clearly diminishes. The aforementioned tangential arrangement of the center line between the two cuts with respect to the crop channel must not be understood here as exactly tangential in a mathematical sense, which may of course be the case, but may also be a slightly inclined arrangement relative to a mathematical tangent include. Tangential to the crop channel can therefore also include arrangements, wherein said center line encloses an angle of <30 ° between the cuts with respect to the conveying direction of the crop channel with respect to a real tangent to the conveying direction or the crop channel direction.
    Depending on the contour of the cutting blade, the said center line does not have to lie entirely outside the crop channel. For example, at a front end portion of the center line, it can also touch the wall of the crop channel or walk lightly into the crop channel. However, the center line between the cutting blades extends at least 50% of its length, preferably more than 75% of its length, outside the crop channel.
    In a further embodiment according to the invention, the configuration and arrangement of the cutting blade can be designed such that the common cutter head, the two cuts of which extend, is positioned upstream with respect to the conveying direction through the crop channel, or the upstream end of the cutting blade. forming a cutting knife or at least opposite the cutting direction. From the said common cutter head portion, the relevant cut located in the cutting position extends increasingly deeper into the crop material channel, that is to say, with increasing distance from the said cutter head part, the depth to which the cut protrudes into the crop material channel increases.
    Said cuts can run V-shaped or tulip-shaped apart from said common knife-head portion, so that the distance of the two cuts relative to each other, each time measured relative to the center line of the knife, increases, the further away from moves said cutter head portion. Advantageously, the cuts have a saber-shaped contour or are slightly concave curved, so that the cut protruding in the cutting position in the harvested goods channel extends, seen in the transport direction through the harvested goods channel, increasingly further into the channel, whereby a continuous, slightly increasing cutting pressure is obtained, and good feed cutting is guaranteed.
    In a further embodiment of the invention, the upstream cutter head portion from which the two cuts diverge or move away from one another can advantageously be used as a suspension portion or designed to be movably suspended, in particular such that it is rotatable and / or translatable from the cutting position to a deflection position or non-cutting position can be brought, in particular, to be able to deflect when encountering an obstacle such as a stone or the like. The following suspension makes it possible for a deflection movement, with which the knife with its currently active cut moves away at least a part from the crop channel, in order to avoid an obstacle. The suspension portion on said cutter head may, for example, comprise a suitable suspension recess, which rotates the knife about a transverse axis perpendicular to the blade blade or the blade surface and / or a translational movement inclined approximately tangentially or slightly at an acute angle to allows the direction of transport through the crop channel. For example, a longitudinal slot-like, approximately U-shaped recess open towards one side, can be provided, by means of which the knife can be fitted or threaded onto a suspension shaft of a knife carrier.
    At its opposite end to the knife head portion, the knife forms a back contour on which restraining means can engage, which elastically restores the knife in the predetermined cutting position holder and / or resists such deflection in the deflection position or counteract such a deflection. Such restraining means may, for example, comprise a resetting lever which is movably suspended under pre-tension and which engages with said back contour. Due to such a contour of the knife back and appropriate pretension and mobility of the reset lever, the cutting knife can on the one hand be held in the cutting position or be moved therefrom only under increased load. Upon further bringing into the deflection position, said resetting lever can exert a corresponding resetting force or a corresponding resetting moment on the knife in order to return the cutting knife back to the predetermined cutting position after passing the obstacle.
    Due to the arrangement of the second passive cut, which is substantially completely outside the transport channel, with the center line between the two cuts being approximately tangential to the crop channel direction, the said knife back can be made relatively large and wide, which is what is available for resetting. engagement surface and facilitates its design. The aforementioned back contour of the cutting knife lies in a downstream end or part of the cutting knife with respect to the direction of transport through the crop channel, as a result of which the said resetting means of heavy contamination remain free, which promotes the functionality of the deflection or resetting mechanism .
    On the whole, the cutting knife can be provided with an approximately triangular contour, wherein two sides are each designed as, for example, saber-shaped, convexly curved cuts, while the third side connecting the two cutting sides forms the engagement contour for the retaining means.
    The cutting knife can advantageously be of symmetrical design. Said center line between the two cuts can form an axis of symmetry, with respect to which the two cuts are arranged substantially mirror-symmetrically
    In a further embodiment according to the invention, the cutting knife can be provided in a central part between the two cuts with a passage recess, which can be designed as an approximately trapezoidal or triangular gripping recess. Such a passage recess considerably facilitates the engagement and therefore handling of the cutting blade when turning as well as during assembly, since the knife does not have to be caught on the cuts. In addition, such a passage recess at the same time contributes to the fact that a break in the cut protruding into the crop channel is either locally limited to a corresponding knife section and to prevent an expansion of a break line or a tear line in the region of the other cut. Even when a larger area breaks off around the active cut, a tear-off edge extends maximally into the said recess, so that breaking off straight through the knife can often be avoided.
    The cuts of the knife can be configured substantially differently, wherein the cuts can advantageously be provided with a corrugated cutting surface or a toothed contour. The arrangement of the corrugated cutting surface or the toothed contour is advantageously such that longitudinal troughs - such as the wave troughs between the cutting surface waves or the depressions between the teeth - are not perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the cut in the known manner, but thus under a sharp angle inclined. In particular, said longitudinal troughs with their longitudinal axes can extend through the crop channel approximately parallel to the conveying direction. This prevents the crop to be cut from having to slide up and down over several waves, but can slide over the cut parallel to the wave flanks. This leads to a clearly reduced cutting pressure, which in turn leads to a lighter feed treatment together with a lower load on the cutting knife.
    The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to a preferred exemplary embodiment and associated drawing.
    In the drawing:
    Figure 1: a schematic side view of a loader wagon that can be connected to a tractor and with a cutting unit according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention,
    Figure 2: a schematic side view of the cutting unit from Figure 1 in a cutting or working position, the knives protruding into a harvesting material channel, through which the picked-up harvesting material is transported through a transport rotor, so that the harvesting material is cut by the cutting blades,
    Figure 3: an enlarged, partial view of the suspension knife mounting of the cutting unit from the previous figures, the turning knife being shown in its cutting position,
    Figure 4: a side view of the turning knife from the previous figures, which shows the corrugated cutting surface of one cut in dotted plan view and the corrugated cutting surface of the other cut, and
    Figure 5: a side view of an alternative embodiment of a turning knife according to the invention, the wavy cutting surface of the cut of which is arranged tangentially to the direction of transport through the crop channel.
    As Figure 1 shows, the cutting work for cutting crop material on a harvesting machine 1 in the form of, for example, a pick-up wagon, can be used which can be hooked onto a tractor 2 and rests on the ground over a row frame. However, as an alternative, the cutting work can also be used in a harvesting machine in the form of, for example, a baling press for deforming and / or compressing harvested goods into bales or a combination of a pick-up wagon and a baling press.
    In order to supply a pick-up chamber 30 which can form the loading space of the pick-up wagon or the baling chamber of the baler, the harvesting machine 1 comprises a pick-up and / or transport device 5 provisionally arranged for the run-in of the pick-up chamber 30 and can comprise pick-up which can be guided over the ground, can be lifted and lowered, in order to be able to pick up crop lying on the ground. Said pick-up can herein comprise a pick-up rotor 6, for example in the form of a pick-up roller, wherein a further transport rotor 7 can be provided following the pick-up rotor 6, so that the harvested goods from the ground can be transported further through a harvesting channel 8 into the pick-up chamber 30. to be able to transport.
    Said transport rotor 7 can herein comprise a plurality of carrier teeth which project outwardly from the drum of sport rotor 7, said carrier teeth being viewed in the direction of rotation relative to each other across the width of the transport rotor, so that the the carrier teeth defined structure of transport rotor 7 is twisted into itself. However, other configurations, for example non-twisted arrangements, are also possible.
    The said transport rotor 7 is assigned to a cutting unit 9 which can extend substantially over the full working width of the transport rotor 7. Said cutting work 2 can be provided on top and comprise knives 3, which can be provided with an excellent fit from the top side of the crop channel 8. As Figure 2 shows, however, the cutting unit 9 can also be provided with an underlying support, so that the knives 3 protrude from the underside of the crop channel 8 into the crop channel 8, see Figs. 3.
    The said knives 3, which are arranged side by side across the width of the transport rotor 7, extend through a transport channel wall, which forms the bottom of the harvested goods channel 8 under or next to the transport rotor 7 and is provided with slots for the knives 3 through which the knives 3 can extend.
    The knives 3 are herein suspended from a preferably beam-shaped knife carrier 4, which extends transversely over the transport rotor 7 and is suspended in a self-movable manner, in order to be able to move the cutting unit 9 out of the working position protruding into the crop channel.
    The knives 3 are suspended movably on the knife carrier 4 so that they protrude between an active cutting position, in which they protrude into the crop channel 8 up to or between the entraining teeth of the transport rotor 7, and a deflection position or inactive non-cutting position, in which they are not. or protrude only to a small extent into the crop channel 8, can be moved back and forth, see Figures 4-6 or 7 in comparison with each other.
    As is particularly shown in Figures 4-6, the knives 3 are pivotable about a horizontal pivot axis 33, which extends substantially transversely to the conveying direction 34 through the conveying channel 8, such that the knives 3 with their cut 23 indicate the direction of transport and be able to pivot away from the transport channel. Said pivot axis 33 is herein provided outside the said transport channel 8 in a head portion 35 of the knife 3 approximately in an extension of the cut 23.
    As Figures 3 and 4 show, the cutting knife 3 is designed as a turning knife, which comprises two cuts 23, each of which is convexly curved or provided with a saber-shaped contour. The two cuts 23 each extend from the cutter head portion 25, to which the front suspension position of the cutter 3 as seen in the direction of transport 34 is formed by the crop channel 8, and start from this common initial portion V-shaped or, due to the saber-shaped curvature, tulip-shaped apart, so that with increasing distance from the cutter head portion 35, the mutual distance between the two cuts increases relative to each other.
    In this case the two cuts 23 can in principle have a different contour course, for example to meet different cutting needs, but in a further embodiment according to the invention a contour corresponding to each other can also have such that the knife 3 as a whole has a symmetrical contour. The center line 50 between the two cuts 23a and 23b, which divides the knife 3 into two halves of approximately equal size, in this case forms the axis of symmetry, with respect to which the two cuts 23 are symmetrical with respect to each other. Said center line 50 can herein also run simultaneously midway through the suspension recess or the suspension center of the cutter head portion 35.
    The knife ridge, which is opposite the knife head portion 35 and lies between the ends of the cuts 23 or connects it, has a back contour 20, which can advantageously have a symmetrical symmetrical contour with respect to the said center line 50.
    Said back contour 20 cooperates with retaining means 12, which together with the suspension on the cutter head portion 35 hold the relevant knife 3 or try to keep it in the cutting position. Said retention means 12 thereby control the release movement of the knives 3 when encountered with a foreign object and may comprise an elastically prestressed retention lever 19 which engages with the cam-shaped back contour 20 of the knife. Said restraining lever 19 is hereby permanently biased on said back contour 20 by a spring device 21, the spring device 21 exerting a pretension on the restraining lever 19 and causing the knife 3 to return to the cutting position after a deflection movement to the deflection position moved.
    Said back contour 20 or the two halves each extend approximately - broadly speaking - in the form of an arc from the knife head portion 25, said back contour 20 being formed such that with increasing deviation of the knife 3 from its cutting position said retaining lever 19 is increasingly being moved against its bias. The back contour 20, which is slightly convex in the shape of a curved arch, can comprise a locking channel 29 in which the retaining lever 19 is in the cutting position of the knife 3, in which the retaining lever 19 moves and holds the knife in the cutting position, see Figure 3.
    As Fig. 2 shows, the knife 3 is arranged in the cutting position such that the knife 3 with its center line 50 extends completely outside the crop channel 8 and is arranged at least approximately tangentially to the conveying direction 34 through the crop channel 8. The cutter head portion 35, from which the two cuts 23a and 23b extend, forms the front end of the knife 3 in the direction of transport 34, while the back contour of the knife 20 forms the rear end of the knife 3.
    The cut 23a active in Figure 2 extends from the cutter head portion 35 with increasing distance and deeper into the crop channel 8. The other, inactive or spare cut 23b is completely outside the crop channel 8. This configuration can prevent damage or breakage of the inactive cut 23b when a foreign body leads to damage or breakage of the active cut 23a. .
    As Figure 4 shows, the knife 3 in a central portion may have either a core or an inner portion of the knife a recess 51 in the form of a passage recess, which may form an engagement recess. Said recess 51 can have an elongated contour and / or be provided along the center line 50, in particular be symmetrical with respect to the center line 50. Said recess 51 can for instance comprise a trapezoidal-roughly spoken-circumference which widens from the cutter head part 35 to the back contour 20.
    The cuts 23 can each be provided with a cutting surface in a manner known per se, whereby the cutting surfaces of the two cuts are oriented towards opposite sides of the knife, so that by turning the knife 3 through a 180 degree rotation about the center line 50 the cuts can be brought into intersection-like, mutually corresponding arrangement. In accordance with Figure 4, cut 23a on the front and cut 23b on the back are ground.
    The cuts 23 can be provided with a corrugated cutting surface or a toothed cutting surface, as shown in Figure 4, but can also be ground in a different way in the given case.
    As Figure 5 shows, advantageous further embodiments according to the invention can be provided with a corrugated cutting surface 52 on the cut 23, which is not oriented perpendicularly or along the cut course, as in Figure 4, but is designed with respect to the conveying direction 34 through the crop channel 8. In particular, longitudinal troughs 53 may be arranged at least approximately parallel or tangentially to said conveying direction 34, so that longitudinal lines of the corrugated cutting surface - so that, for example, a line along the trough bottom of a corrugated floor or a line along the crests of a wave elevation extends approximately tangentially or parallel to the conveying direction 34 through the crop channel 8. The undulation - and therefore the follow-up of crests and troughs - is accordingly approximately perpendicular to said conveying direction 34.
    The conveying direction 34 can thereby be determined by the rotational direction of the conveying rotor 7 and / or with the course of the bottom of the crop channel 8, wherein said conveying direction 34 can, for example, at least approximately correspond to the circulating or circumferential direction of the conveying rotor 7.
    权利要求:
    Claims (8)
    [1]
    Cutting for a harvesting machine (1) such as a loading wagon or baling press, with at least one cutting knife (3) designed as a turning knife, which can be brought into two cutting positions by turning and provided with two cuts (23a, 23b), a first of which cut (23a) protrudes into a first cutting position in a crop channel (8) and a second cut (23b) protrudes into a second cutting position in the crop channel (8), characterized in that the cutting knife (3) has a center line (5) is arranged approximately tangentially to the harvested goods channel (8) between the two cuts (23) and / or is arranged outside the harvested goods channel (8) with at least a larger part of said center line (50).
    [2]
    2. Cutting according to the preceding claim, wherein the two cuts (23) of a common cutter head portion (35) diverge approximately V-shaped or tulip-shaped, the said cutter head portion (35) in both cutting positions being one relative to the direction of transport ( 34) forms upstream end portion of the cutting blade (3) through the crop channel (8), from which the cut (23) located in the cutting position protrudes increasingly deeper into the crop channel (8).
    [3]
    3. Cutting according to the preceding claim, wherein said knife head part (35) comprises a suspension part (13), with which the cutting knife (3) is movably suspended such that the cutting knife (3) translates and / or rotates from a cutting position into a deflection - and / or non-cutting position is movable.
    [4]
    Cutting according to one of the two preceding claims, wherein the cutting knife (3) comprises a back contour (20) opposite said knife head portion (35), which extends between the two cuts (23) transversely of said center line (50) and can be brought into engagement with retention means (12) for keeping the cutting knife (3) in the cutting position and / or resetting it from a deflection position and / or counteracting the deflection movement.
    [5]
    Cutting according to one of the two preceding claims, wherein the cutting knife (3) as a whole is provided with an approximately triangular contour, wherein two sides are each designed as saber-shaped curved cuts (23a, 23b).
    [6]
    6. Carving according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said center line (50) forms a axis of symmetry between the two cuts (23a, 23b).
    [7]
    7. Cutting according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the cutting knife (3) is provided in a central part between the two cuts (23a, 23b) with a passage recess (51), preferably having the shape of a trapezoid and / or elongated gripping spout -ring.
    [8]
    Cutting according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the cuts (23) comprise a corrugated cutting surface (52) and / or a toothing with longitudinal troughs (53) parallel to each other, wherein said longitudinal troughs (53) extend with their longitudinal axes extend through the crop channel (8) approximately parallel or tangentially to the conveying direction (34) when the relevant cut (23a, 23b) is in its active cutting position.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    NL2012682B1|2016-07-18|
    DE102013007303A1|2014-10-30|
    FR3004890B1|2019-01-25|
    FR3004890A1|2014-10-31|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    AT293888B|1968-07-31|1971-10-25|Steyr Daimler Puch Ag|Cutting device for loading wagons|
    EP1882407A1|2006-07-27|2008-01-30|Alois Pöttinger Maschinenfabrik Ges. m.b.H.|Harvester|
    DE102011013242A1|2011-03-07|2012-09-13|Alois Pöttinger Maschinenfabrik Gmbh|Baling press for molding or compressing crop to bale, has receiving rotor for collecting harvest from ground, feed rotor for feeding of harvest from receiving rotor into bale-forming chamber through feed channel|
    DE102011013640A1|2011-03-11|2012-09-13|Alois Pöttinger Maschinenfabrik Gmbh|Cutting mechanism for harvesting machine e.g. agricultural baler and loading wagon, has retaining unit that retains knife in cutting position or non-cutting position relative to knife carrier|
    DE102008019086A1|2008-04-15|2009-10-29|Deere & Company, Moline|Cutting unit for a semi-circular agricultural crop with a mechanism for selecting the cut length|DE102015006017A1|2015-05-13|2016-11-17|Maschinenfabrik Bernard Krone Gmbh|Cutting unit for agricultural harvesters|
    IT201900007623A1|2019-05-30|2020-11-30|Kverneland Group Ravenna Srl|PACKER WITH KNIFE PROTECTION SYSTEM|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102013007303.0A|DE102013007303A1|2013-04-26|2013-04-26|Cutting unit for a harvester|
    DE102013007303|2013-04-26|
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